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Hamburg(hamburg)
Hamburg coat of arms
Hamburg [ˈhambʊrk] is Germany 's second largest city(after Berlin ) and its principal port. The official name Freie und HansestadtHamburg recalls its membership in the mediaeval HanseaticLeague and the fact that Hamburg is a city state and one of Germany's sixteen Bundesländer . The state and administrative city cover 750 km² with 1.8 million inhabitants, while another 750,000 live in neighbouring urbanareas. The Greater Hamburg Metropolitan Region ( Metropolregion Hamburg ) including nearby districts of Schleswig-Holstein and Lower Saxony covers 18,100km² with a population of 4 million. See also: List of Mayors of Hamburg , List of Honorary Citizens ofHamburg
LanguageNiederdeutsch (Low German) until Missingsch HistoryFounded in the first decade of the 9th century as Hamma Burg ("fortified town"), it was designated the seat of a bishopric (834) whose first bishop Ansgar became known as the Apostle of the North. In 845 a fleet said to number600 Viking ships came up the River Elbe anddestroyed Hamburg, at that time a place of around 500 inhabitants. Two years after that Hamburg was united with Bremen as the bishopric of Hamburg-Bremen. In 1030 thecity was burned down by King Mieszko II of Poland . The seewas finally moved to Bremen after further raids in 1066 and 1072 , this time by Slavs from the east. Frederick I "Barbarossa" is saidto have granted free access up the Lower Elbe to Hamburg in a charta of 1189 . Hamburg's proximity to the main trade routes of the North and Baltic Seas quickly made it amajor port of Northern Europe, and its alliance ( 1241 ) with Lübeck on the Baltic is considered the origin of the powerful Hanseatic League of trading cities. However,Frederick's document, still at display at the town museum, is known to be a fake from around 1265. Therefore Hamburg does nothold city rights. In the 1520s the city authorities embraced Lutheranism , and Hamburg subsequently received Protestant refugees from the Netherlands and France . At times under Danish sovereignty while a part of the Holy RomanEmpire , in 1768 it gained full Danish recognition as an Imperial Free City . Annexed briefly by France ( 1810 -14), Hamburg suffered severely during Napoleon I 's last campaign in Germany, but experienced its fastest growth during thesecond half of the 19th century, when its population more than quadrupled to 800,000 as the growth of the city's Atlantic tradehelped make it Europe's third-largest post. Hamburg was destroyed by fire several times, notably in 1284 and 1842 . The last and worst destruction took place in World WarII , when the city suffered a series of devastating air raids ( 24 July - 2 August 1943 ). Today's inner city therefore hostsalmost no buildings from before 1842 and even few from before 1945 . In February 1962 the city's low-lying areas were affected by severeflooding. The city boundaries were extended in 1937 with the Groß-Hamburg-Gesetz (GreaterHamburg Act) to incorporate neighbouring Wandsbek, Harburg -Wilhelmsburg and Altona . During World War II and in response to Germany levelling Coventry two days before, the RoyalAir Force began to bomb Hamburg on November 16 , 1940 . Later, in Operation Gomorrah the British bombed Hamburg on July28 , 1943 which caused a firestorm thatkilled 42,000 German civilians. By the end of the war at least 50,000 Hamburg residents died from Allied attacks. The population of the city proper peaked in the mid-1960s at 1.85 million, but has recovered from a mid-1980s low of under1.6m. Growth is now concentrated in the suburban areas.
¹ census TransportHamburg's local airport is Hamburg Airport . SportFootball (Soccer in AE)Hamburg is home of Hamburger Sportverein (HSV) and FC St. Pauli . HSV is the only football club never to have been relegated from the Bundesliga . In 1983 , HSV won the European club competition by beating Juventus Turin 1:0 in Athens. The best known players to have played for HSV are Uwe Seeler and Kevin Keegan . CultureInstitutions
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PopHamburg is known for giving the Beatles a start in their musical career in theearly 1960s. They played at the Star Club, which was located in the district St.Pauli near the perhaps most famous street of Hamburg, the Reeperbahn . More recently it is known for some of the most popular German hip-hop acts, suchas 5 Sterne Deluxe , Samy Deluxe , Beginner and Fettes Brot . There is also a quite big alternative and punk scene which gathers around theRote Flora, an occupied villa once owned by Salomon Heine located in the district of Sternschanze. Some of the musicians of the famous electronic band Kraftwerk also came from Hamburg. MuseumsMuseums in Hamburg include:
Regional DishesAlthough Hamburg is jokingly said to be the birthplace of the hamburger , thisis just a myth. Original Hamburg dishes are "Bohnen, Birnen and Speck" (green runner beans cooked with pears and bacon),"Aalsuppe" (eel soup), "Bratkartoffeln", "Finkenwerder Scholle" (fried plaice), Pannfisch (fried fish), Rote Grütze (somethingsimilar to summer pudding consisting mainly of red berries) and "Labskaus". External links
hmburg, museum, hambug, german, hambrug, approx, hambur, north, ahmburg, bremen, amburg, germany, hamubrg, state, hamurg, growth, habmurg, dishes, haburg, club, , st, hmaburg, population, hambrg, low, hambugr, place This article is completely or partly from Wikipedia - The Free Online Encyclopedia. Original Article. The text on this site is made available under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation Licence. We take no responsibility for the content, accuracy and use of this article. Anoca.org Encyclopedia 0.01s |
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