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1944

(1944)

Years: 1941 1942 1943 - 1944 - 1945 1946 1947
Decades : 1910s 1920s 1930s - 1940s - 1950s 1960s 1970s
Centuries : 19th century - 20th century - 21st century 1944 in art 1944 in aviation 1944 in film 1944 in literature 1944 in music 1944 in radio 1944 in science 1944 in sports 1944 in television 1944 state leaders 1944 in Canada

Events

World War II

January

January 4 - The Battle of Monte Cassino begins.
January 5 - Murder of Danish playwright Kaj Munck
January 17 - British forces, in Italy , cross the Garigliano River .
January 20 - The Royal Air Force drops 2,300 tons of bombs on Berlin ; the US 36th Infantry Division , in Italy, attempts to crossthe Rapido River .
January 22 - Allies begin Operation Shingle , the assault on Anzio , Italy .
January 27 - The two year Siege of Leningrad is lifted.
January 29 - The Battle of Cisterna takes place.
January 30 - UnitedStates troops invade Majuro, MarshallIslands .
January 31 - American forces land on Kwajalein Atoll and other islands in the Japanese -held Marshall Islands .

February

February 3 - UnitedStates troops capture the Marshall Islands .
February 7 - In Anzio , Italian forces launch a counteroffensive.
February 14 - Anti- Japanese revolt on Java .
February 15 - Battle of Monte Cassino - the monastery atop Monte Cassino is destroyed by Allied bombing.
February 17 - Battle of EniwetokAtoll begins. The battle ended in an American victory on February22 .
February 20 - "Big Week" begins with American bomber raids on German aircraft manufacturing centers.
February 20 - The United States takes Eniwetok Island.
February 29 - The Admiralty Islands are invaded in the American General Douglas MacArthur -led Operation Brewer .

March

March 1 - USSTarawa and USS Kearsarge laid down
March 10 - In Britain the Education Act lifts the ban on women teachers marrying
March 15 - Battle of Monte Cassino - Allied aircraft bombGerman-held monastery and stage an assault.
March 18 - German forces occupy Hungary .
May 5 - Mohandas Gandhi released in India
May 17 - Type IX U-boat : U-884 is launched.
May 18 - Battle of Monte Cassino - Germans evacuate Monte Cassino and Allied forces take the stronghold after astruggle that claimed 20,000 lives.
March 24 - Tragedy in village Markowa .

April

May

June

June 4 - A hunter-killer group of the United States Navy capture the German submarine U-505 , marking the first time aU.S. Navy vessel had captured an enemy vessel at sea since the 19th century .
June 4 - Rome falls to the Allies . It is the first capital of an Axis nation to fall.
June 5 - More than 1000 British bombers drop 5000 tons of bombs on German gun batterieson the Normandy coast in preparation for D-Day .
June 6 - Battle ofNormandy begins - Operation Overlord, code named D-Day , commences with thelanding of 155,000 Allied troops on the beaches of Normandy in France . The allied soldiers quickly break through the Atlantic Wall and push inland in the largest amphibious military operation in history.
June 9 - Stalin launches an offensiveagainst Finland with the intent of defeating Finland before pushing for Berlin.
June 10 - 642 men, women and children are killed in the Oradour-sur-Glane Massacre in France .
June 13 - Germany launches a V1 Flying Bomb attack on England .
June 15 - Battle of Saipan : The United States invades Saipan .
June 25 - The Battle of Tali-Ihantala between Finnish and Soviet troops begins. Largest battle ever to be foughtin the Nordic countries .

July

July 9 - British and Canadian forces capture Caen .
July 17 - The largest convoy of the war embarks from Halifax, Nova Scotia under Royal Canadian Navy protection.
July 18 - Hideki Tojo resignsas Prime Minister of Japan dueto numerous setbacks in the war effort.
July 20 - Adolf Hitler survives an assassination attempt . See Claus von Stauffenberg
July 21 - Battle of Guam - American troops land on Guam starting the battle (ends on August10 ).
July 25 - Operation Spring - One of the bloodiest days for Canadians during the war: 18,444 casualties, including 5,021 killed.

August

August 1 - WarsawUprising begins.
August 12 - Allies capture Florence , Italy .
August 12 - World's first undersea oil pipeline laid, between England and France in Operation Pluto
August 15 - Operation Dragoon lands Allies in southern France .
August 24 - Allies enter Paris .

September

September 2 - Allies liberate Brussels .
September 4 - The British 11th Armored Division liberate the city of Antwerp in Belgium .
September 8 - London is hit bya V2 rocket for the first time.
September 8 - The French town of Menton is liberated from Germany .
September 11 - Northern and southern France invasion forces link upnear Dijon .
September 17 - Operation Market Garden begins.
September 19 - Armistice between Finland and Soviet Union signed. (Endof the Continuation War )
September 26 - Operation Market Garden ends in a withdrawal.

October

October 2 - WarsawUprising ends.
October 5 - Canadian Air Forcepilots shoot down the first German jet fighter over France .
October 9 - British Prime Minister Winston Churchill and Soviet Union Premier Joseph Stalin begin anine-day conference in Moscow to discuss the future of Europe .
October 14 - Given the choice between a public treason trial and a certain death by firing squad or suicide with honor, German Field Marshal Erwin Rommel chooses the latter.
October 18 - Volkssturm founded on Hitler ?s orders.
October 20 - Belgrade isliberated by Yugoslav Partisans and the Red Army .
October 23 - Naval Battle of Leyte Gulf in the Philippines begins(lasts until October 26 ).
October 25 - Florence Foster Jenkins recital in the Garnegie Hall

November

November 12 - The Royal Air Force launches one of the most successful precision bombing attacks of the war and sinks the German battleship Tirpitz off the coast of Norway .
November 19 - US President Franklin D. Roosevelt announces the 6th War Loan Drive , aimed at selling US$14 billion in war bonds to help pay for the war effort.
November 24 - Bombing of Tokyo - The first bombing raid against the Japanese capital of Tokyo from the east and by land was made by 88 American aircraft.
November 25 - A German V-2 rocket hits a Woolworth's store in Deptford , killing 160 shoppers.
November 26 - Gaschambers at Auschwitz and Stutthof are destroyed.

December

December 16 - Germany begins the Ardennes offensive, later to becomeknown as Battle of the Bulge .
December 16 - General George C. Marshall becomes the first Five-Star General
December 17 - German troops carry out the Malmédy massacre .
December 24 - The Bulge reaches its deepest point at Celles .
December 26 - American troops repulse German forces at Bastogne .
November 29 - Albania isliberated from German occupation.
December 31 - Hungary declares war on Germany

Other events

January 5 - The DailyMail becomes the first transoceanic newspaper .
February 26 - - Shooting begins of the Nazi propaganda film, "The Fuhrer Gives a Village to the Jews" in Theresienstadt .
March 1 - USSTarawa laid down
March 4 - In Ossining, New York , LouisBuchalter , the leader of 1930s crime syndicate Murder, Inc. , is executed at SingSing .
May 30 - Princess Charlotte Louise Juliette Louvet Grimaldi of Monaco , heir to the throne resigns from her rights in favor of her son Prince Rainier Louis Henri Maxence Bertrand Grimaldi , later reigning Prince Rainier III of Monaco .
June 17 - Iceland declares fullindependence from Denmark .
July 17 - Port Chicago disaster : Near the SanFrancisco Bay , two ships laden with ammunition for the war explode in Port Chicago, California killing 232.
August 4 - Holocaust : A tipfrom a Dutch informer leads the Gestapo to a sealed-off area in an Amsterdam warehouse where theyfind Jewish diarist Anne Frank and herfamily.
August 5 - Holocaust: Polish insurgents liberate a German laborcamp in Warsaw , freeing 348 Jewish prisoners.
August 7 - IBM dedicates the firstprogram-controlled calculator , the Automatic Sequence Controlled Calculator(known best as the Harvard Mark I ).
August 9 - The United States Forest Service and the WartimeAdvertising Council release posters featuring Smokey the Bear forthe first time.
September 2 - Holocaust :Diarist Anne Frank and her family are placed on the last transport train from Westerbork to Auschwitz . Theyarrive three days later.
October 2 - Holocaust: Nazi troops endthe Warsaw Uprising .
October 8 - The radio show, The Adventures of Ozzie andHarriet debuts.
October 10 - Holocaust : 800 Gypsy children are systematically murdered at Auschwitz death camp
November 7 - U.S. presidential election, 1944 : Franklin D. Roosevelt wins reelection over Republican challenger Thomas E.Dewey to become the only U.S. president to be elected to a fourth term.
November 22 - William Lyon Mackenzie King introduces conscription in Canada (see Conscription Crisis of 1944 ).
December 3 - Civil war breaks out in a newly-liberated Greece , between Communists and royalists.
December 1 - Edward Stettinius Jr. becomes becomes the last United States Secretary of State of the Roosevelt administration, by filling the seat left by the Cordell Hull .
December 26 - The play The Glass Menagerie by TennesseeWilliams was first publicly performed.
December 30 - King George II of Greece declares a regency, leaving his throne vacant.

Undated

In Sweden, the law of 1864 that criminalizes homosexuality is abolished.
Swedish author of children's books Astrid Lindgren publishes herfirst book Pippi Longstocking .
In Sweden, Erik Wallenberg and Ruben Rausing invent a way to package milk in paper and start the company Tetra Pak .
Barbados General election - Grantley Adams , black lawyer, first majority party leader in the House of Assembly, as leader of Barbados Labour Party
Bretton Woods Agreement

Ongoing events

Sino-Japanese War ( 1937 - 1945 )

Year in topic

1944 in film
- Going My Way
- Double Indemnity
1944 in literature
- An American Dilemma by Gunnar Myrdal
- Johnny Tremain by Esther Forbes
1944 in music
- January 18 - The Metropolitan Opera House in New York City for the first time hosts a jazz concert; the performers are Louis Armstrong , Benny Goodman , Lionel Hampton , Artie Shaw , Roy Eldridge and JackTeagarden .
1944 in sports
- Byron Nelson wins a record 11 consecutive open titles on the PGA golf tour.
1944 in television
- May 22 - The FCC increases its limits for single ownership of television stations from three tofive.
1944 in science

Births

January 6 - BonnieFranklin , actress
January 9 - Jimmy Page , Led Zeppelin guitarist
January 12 - JoeFrazier , boxing champion
January 16 - Jim Stafford , singer
January 18 - PaulKeating , twenty-fourth Prime Minister ofAustralia
January 23 - RutgerHauer , actor
January 24 - NeilDiamond , singer
January 26 - AngelaDavis , feminist and activist
February 3 - DaveDavies , musician
February 5 - Al Kooper ,musician
February 5 - Michael Mann ,director, writer, producer
February 9 - AliceWalker , writer
February 10 - VernorVinge ( science fiction novelist )
February 11 - Buddhadev Dasgupta , filmdirector
February 11 - Bert Greene ,golfer
February 11 - Michael GOxley , American politician
February 13 - JerrySpringer , television host
February 14 - CarlBernstein , journalist
February 14 - Alan Parker , director, writer
February 16 - RichardFord , Pulitzer Prize winning novelist
February 22 - Jonathan Demme , director
February 23 - JohnnyWinter , musician
March 1 - Roger Daltrey ,musician (" The Who ")
March 1 - Mike D'Abo , rockvocalist of band Mannfred Mann
March 1 - John Breaux , United States Senator from Louisiana
March 2 - Uschi Glas ,actress
March 6 - Kiri TeKanawa , opera singer
March 15 - Elisabeth Plessen , writer
March 15 - Sly Stone , singer
March 17 - JohnSebastian , singer-songwriter, also a member of the Lovin'Spoonful
March 19 - Said Musa , Prime Minister of Belize
March 19 - Sirhan Sirhan , assassin
March 24 - R. Lee Ermey ,actor and retired USMC gunnery sergeant
March 26 - Diana Ross ,singer
March 29 - Denny McLain , baseball pitcher
April 3 - Tony Orlando ,musician
April 7 - GerhardSchröder , German Bundeskanzler (chancellor)since 1998
April 11 - John Milius ,director, producer, and screenwriter
April 30 - JillClayburgh , actress
May 5 - JohnRhys-Davies , actor
May 8 - Gary Glitter ,singer
May 9 - Richie Furay , musician(" Poco ", " BuffaloSpringfield ")
May 10 - Jim Abrahams , director
May 13 - ArmisteadMaupin , author
May 14 - George Lucas , filmdirector and producer
May 18 - Justus Frantz , pianist
May 20 - Joe Cocker , Britishsinger
May 20 - Boudewijn deGroot , Dutch singer
May 21 - Mary Robinson ,first female President of Ireland
May 25 - Frank Oz , puppeteer,director
May 28 - Rudy Giuliani ,mayor of New York City, 1993-2001
May 28 - Gladys Knight singer
June 3 - Edith McGuire ,American sprinter
June 5 - Tommie Smith ,American athlete
June 30 - Raymond Moody , parapsychologist
July 13 - ErnőRubik , inventor of Rubik's Cube
July 21 - Tony Scott , film director
July 21 - Paul Wellstone , U.S. Senator : a Democrat from Minnesota (d. 2002 )
August 4 - RichardBelzer , actor, comedian ( Homicide: Lifeon the Street , Law& Order: Special Victims Unit )
August 11 - IanMcDiarmid , actor
August 21 - Peter Weir ,film director
August 26 - His Royal Highness Prince Richard, Duke ofGloucester
October 9 - JohnEntwistle , bassist, The Who (d. 2002 )
October 15 - DavidTrimble , Ulster Unionist and Nobel Prize winner
October 28 - DennisFranz , actor
November 12 - AlMichaels , sportscaster
November 17 - DannyDeVito , actor
November 17 - Rem Koolhaas , Dutch architect
November 17 - Lorne Michaels , producer
November 17 - Tom Seaver , Baseball Hall of Fame player
December 7 - Daniel Chorzempa , organist
December 17 - Jack L. Chalker science fiction novelist
December 22 - SteveCarlton , Baseball Hall of Famer
December 23 - WesleyClark , US General and former NATO Supreme AlliedCommander

Deaths

January 11 - Edgard Potier , Belgian SOE agent, executed by the Nazis
January 20 - James McKeen Cattell , first professor of psychology in U.S.
January 23 - EdvardMunch , Norwegian painter
January 31 - William Allen White , journalist (b. 1868 )
February 1 - PietMondriaan , Dutch painter
February 11 - CarlMeinhof , German linguist
February 11 - IvanSollertinski , friend of Dmitri Shostakovich
March 12 - Werner Drechsler , of U-118
March 22 - PierreBrossolette , journalist, French Resistance fighter
March 24 - Orde Wingate , British soldier
March 28 - Rick Barry , basketball star
April 19 - Thomas Hitchcock Jr , polo player
April 28 - Paul Poiret ,French couturier
May 12 - Max Brand , author
May 12 - Q , British writer
May 16 - George Ade , author
July 6 - Andrée Borrel , SOE agent, WW II heroine executed by theNazis
July 6 - Vera Leigh , SOE agent, WW II heroine executed by the Nazis
July 6 - SoniaOlschanezky , SOE recruit, WW II heroineexecuted by the Nazis
July 6 - Diana Rowden , SOE agent, WW II heroine executed by the Nazis
July 26 - RezaPahlavi , deposed Shah of Iran
July 31 - Antoine de Saint-Exupery , French pilot and writer
August 8 - ChaimSoutine , painter
August 12 - SuzanneSpaak , Belgian heroine of WW II, executed by the Nazis
August 23 - Abdul MejidII , Deposed Caliph of the Ottoman Empire
August 26 - Adam von Trott zu Solz , lawyer, diplomat executed by the Nazis
August 27 - Princess Mafalda Maria Elisabetta of Savoy , executed by the Nazis

September 6 - Gustave Biéler , heroic SOE agent, executed by the Nazis
September 9 - Robert Benoist , Grand Prix driver/war hero, executed by the Nazis
September 11 - Madeleine Damerment , WW II heroine, executed by the Nazis
September 11 - Eliane Plewman , WW II heroine,executed by the Nazis
September 11 - Noor Inayat Khan , WW II heroine, executed by theNazis
September 11 - Yolande Beekman , WW II heroine, executed by theNazis
September 13 - Heath Robinson , British cartoonist and illustrator
September 14 - John Kenneth Macalister , SOE agent, executed by the Nazis
September 14 - Frank Pickersgill , SOE agent, executed by the Nazis
September 14 - Roméo Sabourin , SOE agent, executed by the Nazis
October 14 - ErwinRommel , German Feldmarschall (b. 1891 )
October 21 - AloisKayser , German missionary, working in Nauru
November 2 - ThomasMidgley , chemist and inventor
November 7 - HannahSzenes , WW II heroine, executed
December 2 - JosefLhévinne , pianist
December 4 - RogerBresnahan , baseball Hall of Famer

Nobel Prizes

Physics - Isidor Isaac Rabi
Chemistry - Otto Hahn
Medicine - Joseph Erlanger , Herbert Spencer Gasser
Literature - Johannes Vilhelm Jensen
Peace - International Committee of the Red Cross .

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